安息香药材化学成分、药理作用研究进展及质量标志物预测分析＊

安息香为安息香科白花树Styrax tonkinensis （Pierre） Craib ex Hart.的干燥树脂，主要化学成分为香脂酸类和三萜类物质，及少数木脂素类物质，其中香脂酸类化合物是其主要活性成分。安息香主要药理活性有抗炎解热、抗肿瘤、血脑屏障保护等。本文对安息香药材的化学成分和药理作用进行了综述，并从多角度分析预测了安息香可能的质量标志物，为安息香药材的质量控制、合理开发与利用提供参考。     

第九届胆道闭锁与小儿肝移植论坛会议纪要

由天津市第一中心医院、天津市儿童医院、《中华小儿外科杂志》编辑部、《中华器官移植杂志》编辑部联合主办的第九届"胆道闭锁与小儿肝移植论坛",于2020年10月10日至2020年10月11日在天津顺利召开,来自全国各地100余位代表参会。会议内容报道如下。     

基于Watson关怀理论的系统化导师制培训对培养新护士人文关怀品质的效果评价

目的 :评价以Watson关怀理论为基础的系统化导师制培训对培养新护士人文关怀品质的效果。方法 :以便利抽样的方法选取某三级甲等医院2018年新入职的110名护士作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与实验组(每组各55人)。对照组参加医院常规的人文关怀培训,实验组接受以Watson关怀理论为基础的系统化导师制人文关怀培训,使用护士人文关怀品质量表对两组新护士进行培训前后的问卷调查。结果 :培训后实验组人文关怀品质总分以及理念、能力、感知3个维度得分与培训前的差值同对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :以Watson关怀理论为基础的系统化导师制人文关怀培训有助于加强新护士人文关怀品质的培养,尤其在人文关怀理念、能力、感知3个维度效果显著。     

Disrupted white matter functional connectivity in aMCI APOEε4 carriers: a resting-state study

The ε4 allele of the APOE gene is thought to increase risk from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive decline in the condition is increasingly considered to worsen functional disconnections in brain network composed of gray matter and white matter. Nevertheless, Whether APOEε4 targets specific white matter functional connectivity in patients with aMCI remains mostly unexplored, mainly due to the challenges of detecting BOLD signals in white matter. Here, we applied a novel approach to investigate APOEε4-related specific bundles and cortical area alterations in aMCI subjects, in order to characterize white matter-gray matter functional connectivity differences throughout the brain. We analyzed 75 patients with aMCI and 76 demographically matched normal controls. The aMCI APOEε4 carriers showed decreased functional connectivity located at left corticospinal tract, bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule, and right temporopolaris, which was different from the regions of aMCI-related changes. We further found that recognition scores were positively associated with the right temporopolaris in aMCI APOEε4 carriers. Collectively, the data provide new evidence that APOEε4 genotype exerts a negative impact on neural activity in both gray and white matter in aMCI, which potentially contributes to functional disconnection and memory decline. A novel method provides full-scale measuring effect of disease conditions on functional architecture throughout the brain. Trial registration: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02225964). Registered January 2014.

     

疱疹病毒治疗性疫苗研究进展

疱疹病毒感染极为普遍,可表现为原发性、潜伏性或复发性感染,几乎能在所有的动物中建立潜伏感染,且潜伏感染期间病毒保持休眠状态,宿主不表现出任何临床症状,机体在受到一些应激后,潜伏的病毒被重新激活,使机体引起复发性感染。目前预防性疫苗免疫接种仍是预防疱疹病毒感染和控制其相应疾病流行的有效手段,然而免疫接种后机体免疫系统虽能够控制感染,但却未能防止机体发生复发性感染并不能提供全面的保护。治疗性疫苗能清除潜伏感染或阻止复发性感染,可以有效地控制此类疾病的复发。因此,接种治疗性疫苗是未来防控和净化疱疹病毒的一种可行策略。本文针对在研的疱疹病毒HSV、EBV治疗性疫苗的研究进展进行综述,旨在为其余疱疹病毒治疗性疫苗的研发拓展思路。     

MCI的情志病机及疏肝法干预的可行性探讨＊

轻度认知障碍（Mild cognition impairment， MCI）是尚未达到阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer’s disease， AD）的诊断标准且可逆转为正常脑老化状态的最佳窗口期。情志异常、肝失疏泄（肝失疏泄日久致肝郁）已被证实为MCI的重要情志病机，且“长期负性情绪积累肝失疏泄致衰加速脑老化”的科学假说已在本课题组前期研究中得到初步证实，疏肝法干预肝郁型MCI患者疗效显著，但以上作用机制尚未得到完全阐述。因此本研究系统总结了中医学对MCI的认识，长期情绪不调肝失疏泄对MCI的影响及可能机制，疏肝解郁方药及其成分改善肝郁型MCI的可行性，并提出使用无束缚性设计的眼动技术以探索疏肝法改善肝郁型MCI的可行性，为MCI的中医药干预及其神经机制探讨提供新思路，为中医情志衰老学说增添新内涵。     

TWEAK/Fn14 activation induces keratinocyte proliferation under psoriatic inflammation

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been reported to induce keratinocyte apoptosis in vitro by engaging its sole receptor of fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14). In this study, we explored the role of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in the growth of psoriatic keratinocytes that is, however, characterized by suppressed apoptotic cell death. Skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis or healthy donors were determined for TWEAK and Fn14 expression, and primary keratinocytes were evaluated under the stimulation of psoriatic proinflammatory cytokines or plus TWEAK. The results showed that both TWEAK and Fn14 were highly expressed in psoriatic skins. Moreover, the stimulation of psoriatic cytokines enhanced Fn14 expression by keratinocytes in vitro, which expressed TNF receptor 2 predominantly and proliferated increasingly with the addition of TWEAK. Furthermore, TWEAK stimulation enhanced the synthesis of survivin, inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 and cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein in lesional keratinocytes. Therefore, TWEAK/Fn14 interaction prefers to enhance proliferation but not apoptosis of keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation. The activation of nuclear factor‐κB signalling‐dependent anti‐apoptotic proteins and biased expression of TNF receptors may be responsible for such a novel principle in keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation.